Lord Of The Flies By William Golding - 869 Words

Lord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidence shown in a psychological experiment referred to as â€Å"The Bystander Effect†, describe how the disturbing behaviors in each scenario parallel one another and show the dark side of humanity. The novel Lord of the Flies begins with a plane crashing onto an island, suspected to be fleeing England during World War II. The only survivors are a group of schoolboys who, despite the circumstances, are initially elated; at their age, the lack of adult supervision and the idea of a real-life adventure are too tantalizing to ignore. They set up a system in which a boy named Ralph is elected as the chief, and a white conch shell is used to both call for meetings and speak at them (Golding 33). But good things are never built to last; a boy named Jack, who is jealous of Ralph’s leadership, begins to drive a rift in the group by offering the idea of endless fun instead of work. Eventually, this consumes the boys to the extent that the prospect of rescue is forgotten and an obsession with huntingShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jac k is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in order to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link togetherRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding962 Words   |  4 PagesBischof Language Arts 10 11 December, 2015 In William Golding s Lord of the Flies, Golding uses the theme of human nature to show how easily society can collapse, and how self-destructive human nature is. Throughout the story Golding conveys a theme of how obscured and horrible human nature can lead us to be. Many different parts of human nature can all lead to the destruction of society. A few of the concepts of basic human nature that Golding included in the book are destruction, and panic

Stop The Traffic Of Human Trafficking Essay - 2144 Words

Stop the Traffic Although slavery was abolished in 1865, the practice of it is still very alive today. Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the buying and selling of people, whether it s for forced labor or commercial sex. Every year, thousands of adults and children, especially girls, are forced into the endless trafficking ring. â€Å"The International Labour Organization estimates that there are 20.9 million victims of human trafficking globally† (â€Å"The Facts†). The human trafficking industry is a worldwide network that is worth an estimated 150 billion dollars (â€Å"The Facts†). Millions of stories about victims experiences can be found and read. Many of these victims are sucked into the world of human trafficking because they are immigrants trying to escape to the U.S. and have debts to pay off once they get there. Trafficking happens everywhere, from big city shopping centers, to small town massage parlors. People are being captured, sold, and transported across the world via various forms of transportation at all times. With updated technology, it becomes easier and easier to buy and sell these â€Å"slaves† and with this, the chances of being caught and punished is almost nothing. Many people think slavery is dead; however, human trafficking is still alive and it needs to be stopped because many people are being forced into involuntary sex and labor. Normally, human trafficking can be identified as one of two different kinds of trafficking. The two kinds ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Organ Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organ Trafficking There are many problems with global crimes. What holds these crimes together isn’t because people around the world are committing the same crimes, it’s because these criminals have created global organizations that have ties in all the corners of the world. These groups work just like normal business do, exporting and importing goods to gain profit. However, unlike normal businesses their goods are illegal such as drugs and often inhumane such as trafficking humans. EvenRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Global Phenomenon902 Words   |  4 PagesIn a world with a little over 6 billion people, 27 million of them suffer from the injustice of human trafficking. Freedom. It s the thing we as all human being s strive for in life. The one thing we should all be promised when put into this world. To think that slavery is something that is over and done with would be an ignorant statement. Slavery is still happening at this very moment, just under our noses. When we think of sl avery we recall the African American slave trade that had presumablyRead MoreHow Human Trafficking has Impacted Oklahoma1433 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the illegal trade of humans for forced labor and sex labor. Innocent victims are trafficked through lies, fraudulence, and threats. Traffickers deceive them by promises of a better life; they abduct them through fraudulent methods; and they threaten their families to get them to go with them. Human trafficking not only occurs in foreign countries but also in the United States. Oklahoma is also a location where trafficking occurs. Many Oklahomans have personally experienced theRead MoreThe Truth About Human Trafficking1520 Words   |  7 PagesAbout Human Trafficking Human Trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery involving the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain (Human Trafficking). The term human trafficking evolved from slavery in the early 1900’s and continued to become a global market over the past 100 years. There are several different types of human trafficking such as forced labor, sexual exploitation, people smuggling, and the harvesting of organs for commercial profit (Types of Human Trafficking.). VictimsRead MoreForced Child Prostitution1462 Words   |  6 Pages Forced child prostitution is all over the world. However I am talking specifically about human trafficking overseas. This is one of the most known places for Child Prostitution. Children are being snatched and forced to do drugs and sell their bodies to make money for the pimp’s. This is an issue to our country because our children are being kidnapped. We really can’t do much here because they are extremely hard to find. When you’re running a business like this you have to make sure you neverRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Dangerous Crime1634 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is the quickest increasing criminal industry currently in society and is a dark human behavior that has been going on since the beginning of history. The trafficking of human beings for forced slave labor and sexual exploitation is a horrendous crime that takes advantage of one throughout the illegal trading and forced labor of all types of people People trafficking forces million s of people going against their will and having to take part in prostitution, beg and complete hardRead MoreAnalysis of Child Prostitution over the World1622 Words   |  7 PagesForced child prostitution is all over the world. However, I am talking specifically about human trafficking overseas. This is one of the most known places for Child Prostitution. Children are being snatched and forced to do drugs and sell their bodies to make money for the pimp’s. This is an issue to our country because our children are being kidnapped. We really can’t do much here because they are extremely hard to find. When you’re running a business like this you have to make sure you neverRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking, or the selling and buying of people, is a well-hidden yet prominent issue within today’s society. It is both an immoral and horrific topic that needs brought to attention and dealt with. When human beings ar e manipulated into work, sexual servitude, or economic hardship, human trafficking is occurring. In the year of 2006, only one individual is convicted of human trafficking per 800 victims (UNGIFT). By looking at straight statistics, reasons human trafficking happens, and theRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Common Issue For A Long Time1394 Words   |  6 Pages Sex trafficking can happen everywhere. People do not even realize when it is happening. Someone could be living their life, just as they normally do, and decided to go to the mall. Sometimes they may not even know that a little kid is going to be kidnapped, and later raped. This is what sex trafficking is. Sex trafficking is commonly defined as when violence, drugs, lies, or any other form of coercion is used to force another person to have sex against their will. (Sex Trafficking in the U.S, 1)Read MoreHuman Trafficking : The Post Modern Slavery?1353 Words   |  6 PagesName: Lara Kochenborger Professor: LaChe Pool Subject: English Date: February 19, 2016 Human Trafficking: The Post-Modern Slavery? Introduction: Human trafficking, being such a hideous crime, that privates people from their right to freedom, is not only largely hidden, but the victims are also often forgotten; could be extinguished if the problem received more attention by the authorities. Being a crime that exists since the beginning of the times, we should expect to see more action

Heritage Of India Free Essays

India is blessed with a vast and rich heritage. One has only to see the various architectural marvels and cultural institutions that dot the geographical expanse of India to glimpse the richness of our heritage. The science and technology of ancient India was quite advanced. We will write a custom essay sample on Heritage Of India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many historians believe that most of the scientific advances believed to have been made in Europe had been achieved centuries ago in India. Such advances covered major fields of human knowledge and activities like mathematics, astronomy, physics, medicine, metallurgy, surgery, fine arts, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding, navigation, etc. Indian mathematicians have made important contributions to the study of the decimal number system, zero, negative numbers, arithmetic and algebra. The study of linguistics was initiated by Indian grammarians who began the trend by first attempting to catalogue and codify the rules of Sanskrit. Even today, the main terms for compound analysis are taken from Sanskrit. India is the birthplace of Ayurveda and Yoga; these systems are now finding many followers in the West. India’s rich spiritual tradition has attracted many troubled Westerners, fleeing the materialistic and spiritually empty worlds they inhabit, to her shores, seeking solace and salvation. India’s urban civilization traces its roots to Mahenjodaro and Harappa, now in Pakistan. Their planned urban townships were very advanced for their time. Metallurgy is central to most civilizations. The science of smelting was highly refined and precise in ancient India. As early as the 5th century BC, Herodotus, the eminent Greek historian, noted that iron was used in the arrows used by Indian and Persian soldiers. The idea of the atom is derived from the classification of the material world into five basic elements by Indian philosophers. This classification has been in existence since the Vedic age (c.1500 BC). Indian monuments testify to the different influences in her history – Buddhist, Indo-Saracenic, Victorian, Mughal, etc. Classical Indian music and dance have a wide fan following all over the world. Each state has its own art forms which are well documented. Imposing and architecturally splendid temples, mosques and churches embody the diverse religious and cultural influences that have made India unique. Cuisine too is an important part of our heritage. As Indians, we ought to be proud of our rich heritage and strive to preserve it for our descendants by respecting it and ensuring its survival. How to cite Heritage Of India, Papers

Innovation And It In Supply Chain Management

Question: Describe about the Innovation And It In Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will learn various types of knowledge like knowledge-as-possession view and knowledge-as-practice view. A comparison is done between both the knowledge to have an in-depth knowledge about the both. Many examples are also provided in this study so that the learners will understand and apply both the types of knowledge in their organization and personal lives. Both are very opposite to each other as the perspective of both varies from each other. The views of both the terms are in a form of radical versions of reality and constructivist epistemology that says that either the knowledge is practice or a kind of possession earned by a human being or an individual. In the first part, we have discussed about the knowledge as a possession view or knowledge as a practice view. We can conclude that both have different perspective and applicability also. The organization have to analyze that which one is relevant for the, accordingly, they have to apply both the studies in their organization. Many organization believes that the practical knowledge in better than the possessed knowledge while many others organizations and vice-versa. So we cannot say which one is good or bad. Part 1 There is a center of debate in almost every organization whether there must be knowledge as possession view or knowledge as practice view. Both are very opposite to each other as the perspective of both varies from each other. To have a positive consequence in an organization, there is a need to adopt a single kind of knowledge in an organization (Black, Clemmensen, Skov, 2010). Comparison and contrast between knowledge-as-possession view and knowledge-as-practice view. S.NO. BASIS Knowledge-as-possession view Knowledge-as-practice view. 1 Strategy Codification strategy Personalization strategy 2 View Cognitive view Community view 3 Systems Repository model of knowledge management systems Network model of knowledge management strategy Knowledge-as-possession view There is a debate on knowledge that is taking place among the researchers and philosophers that whether the knowledge is possessed or practiced. It is said that knowledge must have three contents to be correct in nature that are: trueness, justification and believe. Some researchers said and claimed that these three contents are not enough to be knowledge. There are many alternative proposed by many other researchers on Knowledge-as-possession view. Some claims that if a knowledge has many flaunts and false then it must not be considered as a knowledge. A true definition of knowledge is that when an evidence have a true and necessary belief hidden into it (Carter, Ellram, 2003). Knowledge-as-practice view The knowledge plays an important role by giving the novelty that is remarkable and citable in nature. It provides a shape and identity to the ideas and views of the people and helps in changing the world. The main thing that is required to be identified is that whether the knowledge has a practice view or possessed view. The success of any type of knowledge can be measured through its social impact on the culture and society of a particular place or a country. In short, we can say that knowledge is an approach of a question of actions and activities of doing knowledge (Ellram, Tate, Billington, 2004) The knowledge plays an important role as it helps people in many ways. Otherwise, it will remain as a pie of information for the public. The knowledge has to go through from many types of transactional phases in order to convert into an important source for anyone. If we talk about the scientific or technical knowledge than there should be no failure and flaunts can be entertained in it. It has to be changed in a formal way to keep in use. In order to have an impact on the idea and practical decisions within the strategies of a company, there is a need of confidence while delivering any type of knowledge to others. Confidence is the base of trust, belief and trueness. When the knowledge is transferred to one person to another, there must be self confidence in the communication of the person transferring the knowledge. Knowledge is a type of policy and decision making strategy used by various organization. The knowledge that possesses a practical ability is termed as the best and proper knowledge as it helps to create an impact that is positive in nature. It is said by one researcher that a knowledge that has the feasibility to bring the changes that are practical and long term in nature is the real and relevant knowledge for all. This type of knowledge brings social impact and develops public interest. In context of practice, knowledge is the one that has a true value and beliefs in it. The knowledge that posses high weigh is very effective in nature as it is successfully implemented and practically possible to be used. The communication of knowledge from one person to another is taking place with an effective way. Meaning of both the schools with the relation of innovation in the supply chains Knowledge-as-practice view with relation of innovation in the supply: Innovation in supply can be brought through practical knowledge. As we know that innovation can be bring in an organization by practical applicability of ideas and views that are innovative in nature. Therefore, there is a requirement to have a practical applicability of knowledge in an organization. Knowledge-as-possession view with relation of innovation in the supply: Without any type of possession, no organization can enjoy the innovation. It can be only beneficial when the organization actually possess some kind of knowledge with them. The process of possession is a lengthy process yet has some advantage within as it helps the organizations to bring innovative techniques and strategies in the same (Russell, Hoag, 2004). Examples of different organizations so that a better understanding can take place of supply chain management Media-Ya super market of Singapore is using such strategies in their organization and it is helping them up to large extent. Coca cola is also using information technology in the supply chain management and enjoying the benefit out of it. The supply chain management of this company is very modern and updated and it has all the relevant points that are required in an effective supply chain management of any company (Wagner, Bode, 2008). Part 2 Abstract Supply chain management deals with logistics with a mixture of effective planning, organizing, sourcing, production and distribution of products and services. It was evaluated by the three stages that involve inventory push where the main focus is on the financial management and storage of the goods. The second stage involves customer pull in which the main focus is on the demand and wants of the customers and the third stage is supply chain management whose main aim is to manage the customers and supply chain of the organization. Introduction of Part 2 Here we will study about the importance and relevancy of information technology in the process of supply chain management. In this study, we will discuss about the supply chain management and software used by Meidi-Ya Supermarket. It is a company of Singapore that is one of the prominent super markets of that country. With the use of effective information technology, such stores are enjoying benefits related to the innovative technologies in their organizations. As we know that with the effective and efficient use of information technology and software, the work load of many companies is becoming easy and fast. In this way, this super market is also adopting updated information technology with their management. The role of information technology in a supply chain management of Meidi-Ya Supermarket A good management in supply chain management is very relevant but now the trend has changed. There is a requirement to include information technology in the management of supply chain management as it helps to provide a competitive advantage to the companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket. There is a system termed as supply chain information system that is helping organizations to manage the proper supply chain of their products and services (Zhou, Benton, 2007). It is useful as it helps in the process of synchronizing of all the activities of the entire members of the company together that include production of goods and services, shipment, delivery, storage warehousing, analyzing the future demand , etc. This system also helps to increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency, brings flexibility, etc. It provides higher accuracy, easy processing, faster processing, good availability, higher visibility, etc. (Melville, 2010) The information technologies adopted in the supply chain are The information system in Meidi-Ya Supermarket is divided in to supply chains that consist of four layers. It is not compulsory that they apply all the four stages in their organization at a particular time. The information systems help the companies to get the work done in an easy and fast way. The level of transaction is very relevant to the companies as it is termed as the heart of the SCIS. It helps to start and record the logistics of each and every activity takes place. It also records the data related to entry of orders, inventory selection of orders, pricing, shipping, customer handling, invoice, etc. These types of systems are very effective as they set up a proper format in the organization so that the information and data related to stakeholders, customers, employees, etc. can be managed. The transaction processing system (TPS): It is divided among many categories that are management of orders, the processing of orders, distribution preparations, transportation, shipping, and procurement of goods and services. In the first stage the software that are being used are electronic data interchange, and electric fund transfer. The extensible markup language, radio frequency, electronic fund transfer, barcode, radio frequency identification, etc. are some example of software but they all are not relevant for Meidi-Ya Supermarket (Weele, 2010). Management control system: It is the second level of transaction process system that helps to focus on the performance , reporting, identification of exceptions, etc. this system help Meidi-Ya Supermarket to identify the potential problems such as shortage of inventory, risk factors etc.(Marshall, Johnston, 2011). Decision analysis system: It is the third stage of information system that helps to analyze the decisions of Meidi-Ya Supermarket. This system has programs that help managers to identify, evaluate, and compare the different strategies of the organizations. This type of information system also assists in presenting of various tools and models that provide a variety to the managers. Such tools transfer from the effectiveness to the efficiency and it has various other systems like enterprise resource planning, modeling system and artificial intelligence application, etc. Strategic planning system: This is the last level of information system that focuses on development or refining of strategies for Meidi-Ya Supermarket. It is abstract in nature, focus on long term and very less structured. The most common system in this layer is the executive information system that helps Meidi-Ya Supermarket to display the data in a graphically form and the information can be extracted from different angles. It provides detailed information about the customers, stakeholders, etc. the executive managers used this system to see the information at a glance. There are much other software that helps Meidi-Ya Supermarket to manage the stores in Singapore and other places. The process of stock handling, customers handling, debtors and creditors of the company, inventory data, and information, etc. is also done with the help of using such systems effectively and efficiently in the organization. Many companies use non-integrated and illegal information system that can corrupt the files and information. They are not reliable systems and the information does not flow in a proper way. This is the reason that companies have now developed much other software to manage the data and information of the companies. In order to achieve an effective result from such systems the companies re integrating various systems together so that they can have an advantage of any systems at a particular point of time (Hult, Ketchen, Slater, 2004). In this way, with the help of all these systems of management of information, Meidi-Ya Supermarket is handling and managing their data and information in a very prominent way (Wathne, Heide, 2004). The impact of these systems on the supply chain performance The software are creating a great impact on the supply chain management of companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket as it is a vast chain of super market in Singapore and contributing in GDP of the company. They help to coordinate the supply chain systems of Meidi-Ya Supermarket related to the customers, suppliers, external and internal partners, distributors, etc.(Miles, Snow, 2007) It is noted that by using information system in supply chain management of Meidi-Ya Supermarket, the work has become very easy and fast. They can easily come out form the technical and cultural obstacles by using such effective system in their organization. This system also helps to increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency, brings flexibility, etc. It provides higher accuracy, easy processing, faster processing, good availability, higher visibility, etc. (Marshall Johnston, 2011) These systems not only influence the internal management of the company but also the external management like the infrastructure, people related to the store, employees, stake holders, trust between the customers, etc. The level of transaction is very relevant to the companies as it is termed as the heart of the SCIS. It helps to start and record the logistics of each and every activity takes place. It also records the data related to entry of orders, inventory selection of orders, pricing, shipping, customer handling, invoice, etc.(Fawcett, Magnan, McCarter, 2008). It is recommended that Meidi-Ya Supermarket should use a proper design of all the information system and its stages and pays relevant attention to the problems related to the performance and risks. In this way, the Meidi-Ya Supermarket can become a successful and prosperous user of information system. These systems assist the organization to have a supportive and alternate system to make the work easy and accurate (Weele, 2010). Conclusion We can conclude that the process of supply chain management is very important in every organization as it provides innovative practices to the company like Meidi-Ya Supermarket and many others. There is a need of information technology in the process of supply chain management of organizations as it help to improve the quality of work, time saving, accuracy, etc. to the same. In this study, we have discussed about many types of software and information systems used by Media-Ya supermarkets to enhance the performance of organization as well as employees. These types of information software provide a platform to perform better work and enhance the performance and capacity of work. It provides a type of satisfaction to the people related to it. The part 2 comprises of importance of supply chain management. There is a requirement to include information technology in the management of supply chain management as it helps to provide a competitive advantage to the companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket. There is a system termed as supply chain information system that is helping organizations to manage the proper supply chain of their products and services. References Black, D., Clemmensen, N. J., Skov, M. B. (2010). Pervasive Computing in the Supermarket: Designing a Context-Aware Shopping Trolley. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 2(3), 31-43. Carter, C. R., Ellram, L. M. (2003). Thirty?Rve Years of The Journal of Supply Chain Management: Where Have We Been and Where are We Going?.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 39(1), 27-39. Ellram, L. M., Tate, W. L., Billington, C. (2004). Understanding and managing the services supply chain. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 40(3), 17-32. Fawcett, S. E., Magnan, G. M., McCarter, M. W. (2008). Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 35-48. Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen, D. J., Slater, S. F. (2004). Information processing, knowledge development and strategic supply chain performance. Academy of management journal, 47(2), 241-253. Marshall, G. Johnston, M. (2011).Essentials of marketing management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, N. P. (2010). Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability. 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Measuring supply chain performance: current research and future directions. In Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling (pp. 105-121). Springer Berlin Heidelberg Stock, J. R., Boyer, S. L., Harmon, T. (2010). Research opportunities in supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 32-41. Wagner, S. M., Bode, C. (2008). An empirical examination of supply chain performance along several dimensions of risk. Journal of business logistics, 29(1), 307-325. Wathne, K. H., Heide, J. B. (2004).Relationship governance in a supply chain network. Journal of marketing, 68(1), 73-89. Weele, A. (2010). Purchasing supply chain management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Zhou, H., Benton, W. C. (2007). Supply chain practice and information sharing. Journal of Operations management, 25(6), 1348-1365.