Innovation And It In Supply Chain Management

Question: Describe about the Innovation And It In Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will learn various types of knowledge like knowledge-as-possession view and knowledge-as-practice view. A comparison is done between both the knowledge to have an in-depth knowledge about the both. Many examples are also provided in this study so that the learners will understand and apply both the types of knowledge in their organization and personal lives. Both are very opposite to each other as the perspective of both varies from each other. The views of both the terms are in a form of radical versions of reality and constructivist epistemology that says that either the knowledge is practice or a kind of possession earned by a human being or an individual. In the first part, we have discussed about the knowledge as a possession view or knowledge as a practice view. We can conclude that both have different perspective and applicability also. The organization have to analyze that which one is relevant for the, accordingly, they have to apply both the studies in their organization. Many organization believes that the practical knowledge in better than the possessed knowledge while many others organizations and vice-versa. So we cannot say which one is good or bad. Part 1 There is a center of debate in almost every organization whether there must be knowledge as possession view or knowledge as practice view. Both are very opposite to each other as the perspective of both varies from each other. To have a positive consequence in an organization, there is a need to adopt a single kind of knowledge in an organization (Black, Clemmensen, Skov, 2010). Comparison and contrast between knowledge-as-possession view and knowledge-as-practice view. S.NO. BASIS Knowledge-as-possession view Knowledge-as-practice view. 1 Strategy Codification strategy Personalization strategy 2 View Cognitive view Community view 3 Systems Repository model of knowledge management systems Network model of knowledge management strategy Knowledge-as-possession view There is a debate on knowledge that is taking place among the researchers and philosophers that whether the knowledge is possessed or practiced. It is said that knowledge must have three contents to be correct in nature that are: trueness, justification and believe. Some researchers said and claimed that these three contents are not enough to be knowledge. There are many alternative proposed by many other researchers on Knowledge-as-possession view. Some claims that if a knowledge has many flaunts and false then it must not be considered as a knowledge. A true definition of knowledge is that when an evidence have a true and necessary belief hidden into it (Carter, Ellram, 2003). Knowledge-as-practice view The knowledge plays an important role by giving the novelty that is remarkable and citable in nature. It provides a shape and identity to the ideas and views of the people and helps in changing the world. The main thing that is required to be identified is that whether the knowledge has a practice view or possessed view. The success of any type of knowledge can be measured through its social impact on the culture and society of a particular place or a country. In short, we can say that knowledge is an approach of a question of actions and activities of doing knowledge (Ellram, Tate, Billington, 2004) The knowledge plays an important role as it helps people in many ways. Otherwise, it will remain as a pie of information for the public. The knowledge has to go through from many types of transactional phases in order to convert into an important source for anyone. If we talk about the scientific or technical knowledge than there should be no failure and flaunts can be entertained in it. It has to be changed in a formal way to keep in use. In order to have an impact on the idea and practical decisions within the strategies of a company, there is a need of confidence while delivering any type of knowledge to others. Confidence is the base of trust, belief and trueness. When the knowledge is transferred to one person to another, there must be self confidence in the communication of the person transferring the knowledge. Knowledge is a type of policy and decision making strategy used by various organization. The knowledge that possesses a practical ability is termed as the best and proper knowledge as it helps to create an impact that is positive in nature. It is said by one researcher that a knowledge that has the feasibility to bring the changes that are practical and long term in nature is the real and relevant knowledge for all. This type of knowledge brings social impact and develops public interest. In context of practice, knowledge is the one that has a true value and beliefs in it. The knowledge that posses high weigh is very effective in nature as it is successfully implemented and practically possible to be used. The communication of knowledge from one person to another is taking place with an effective way. Meaning of both the schools with the relation of innovation in the supply chains Knowledge-as-practice view with relation of innovation in the supply: Innovation in supply can be brought through practical knowledge. As we know that innovation can be bring in an organization by practical applicability of ideas and views that are innovative in nature. Therefore, there is a requirement to have a practical applicability of knowledge in an organization. Knowledge-as-possession view with relation of innovation in the supply: Without any type of possession, no organization can enjoy the innovation. It can be only beneficial when the organization actually possess some kind of knowledge with them. The process of possession is a lengthy process yet has some advantage within as it helps the organizations to bring innovative techniques and strategies in the same (Russell, Hoag, 2004). Examples of different organizations so that a better understanding can take place of supply chain management Media-Ya super market of Singapore is using such strategies in their organization and it is helping them up to large extent. Coca cola is also using information technology in the supply chain management and enjoying the benefit out of it. The supply chain management of this company is very modern and updated and it has all the relevant points that are required in an effective supply chain management of any company (Wagner, Bode, 2008). Part 2 Abstract Supply chain management deals with logistics with a mixture of effective planning, organizing, sourcing, production and distribution of products and services. It was evaluated by the three stages that involve inventory push where the main focus is on the financial management and storage of the goods. The second stage involves customer pull in which the main focus is on the demand and wants of the customers and the third stage is supply chain management whose main aim is to manage the customers and supply chain of the organization. Introduction of Part 2 Here we will study about the importance and relevancy of information technology in the process of supply chain management. In this study, we will discuss about the supply chain management and software used by Meidi-Ya Supermarket. It is a company of Singapore that is one of the prominent super markets of that country. With the use of effective information technology, such stores are enjoying benefits related to the innovative technologies in their organizations. As we know that with the effective and efficient use of information technology and software, the work load of many companies is becoming easy and fast. In this way, this super market is also adopting updated information technology with their management. The role of information technology in a supply chain management of Meidi-Ya Supermarket A good management in supply chain management is very relevant but now the trend has changed. There is a requirement to include information technology in the management of supply chain management as it helps to provide a competitive advantage to the companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket. There is a system termed as supply chain information system that is helping organizations to manage the proper supply chain of their products and services (Zhou, Benton, 2007). It is useful as it helps in the process of synchronizing of all the activities of the entire members of the company together that include production of goods and services, shipment, delivery, storage warehousing, analyzing the future demand , etc. This system also helps to increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency, brings flexibility, etc. It provides higher accuracy, easy processing, faster processing, good availability, higher visibility, etc. (Melville, 2010) The information technologies adopted in the supply chain are The information system in Meidi-Ya Supermarket is divided in to supply chains that consist of four layers. It is not compulsory that they apply all the four stages in their organization at a particular time. The information systems help the companies to get the work done in an easy and fast way. The level of transaction is very relevant to the companies as it is termed as the heart of the SCIS. It helps to start and record the logistics of each and every activity takes place. It also records the data related to entry of orders, inventory selection of orders, pricing, shipping, customer handling, invoice, etc. These types of systems are very effective as they set up a proper format in the organization so that the information and data related to stakeholders, customers, employees, etc. can be managed. The transaction processing system (TPS): It is divided among many categories that are management of orders, the processing of orders, distribution preparations, transportation, shipping, and procurement of goods and services. In the first stage the software that are being used are electronic data interchange, and electric fund transfer. The extensible markup language, radio frequency, electronic fund transfer, barcode, radio frequency identification, etc. are some example of software but they all are not relevant for Meidi-Ya Supermarket (Weele, 2010). Management control system: It is the second level of transaction process system that helps to focus on the performance , reporting, identification of exceptions, etc. this system help Meidi-Ya Supermarket to identify the potential problems such as shortage of inventory, risk factors etc.(Marshall, Johnston, 2011). Decision analysis system: It is the third stage of information system that helps to analyze the decisions of Meidi-Ya Supermarket. This system has programs that help managers to identify, evaluate, and compare the different strategies of the organizations. This type of information system also assists in presenting of various tools and models that provide a variety to the managers. Such tools transfer from the effectiveness to the efficiency and it has various other systems like enterprise resource planning, modeling system and artificial intelligence application, etc. Strategic planning system: This is the last level of information system that focuses on development or refining of strategies for Meidi-Ya Supermarket. It is abstract in nature, focus on long term and very less structured. The most common system in this layer is the executive information system that helps Meidi-Ya Supermarket to display the data in a graphically form and the information can be extracted from different angles. It provides detailed information about the customers, stakeholders, etc. the executive managers used this system to see the information at a glance. There are much other software that helps Meidi-Ya Supermarket to manage the stores in Singapore and other places. The process of stock handling, customers handling, debtors and creditors of the company, inventory data, and information, etc. is also done with the help of using such systems effectively and efficiently in the organization. Many companies use non-integrated and illegal information system that can corrupt the files and information. They are not reliable systems and the information does not flow in a proper way. This is the reason that companies have now developed much other software to manage the data and information of the companies. In order to achieve an effective result from such systems the companies re integrating various systems together so that they can have an advantage of any systems at a particular point of time (Hult, Ketchen, Slater, 2004). In this way, with the help of all these systems of management of information, Meidi-Ya Supermarket is handling and managing their data and information in a very prominent way (Wathne, Heide, 2004). The impact of these systems on the supply chain performance The software are creating a great impact on the supply chain management of companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket as it is a vast chain of super market in Singapore and contributing in GDP of the company. They help to coordinate the supply chain systems of Meidi-Ya Supermarket related to the customers, suppliers, external and internal partners, distributors, etc.(Miles, Snow, 2007) It is noted that by using information system in supply chain management of Meidi-Ya Supermarket, the work has become very easy and fast. They can easily come out form the technical and cultural obstacles by using such effective system in their organization. This system also helps to increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency, brings flexibility, etc. It provides higher accuracy, easy processing, faster processing, good availability, higher visibility, etc. (Marshall Johnston, 2011) These systems not only influence the internal management of the company but also the external management like the infrastructure, people related to the store, employees, stake holders, trust between the customers, etc. The level of transaction is very relevant to the companies as it is termed as the heart of the SCIS. It helps to start and record the logistics of each and every activity takes place. It also records the data related to entry of orders, inventory selection of orders, pricing, shipping, customer handling, invoice, etc.(Fawcett, Magnan, McCarter, 2008). It is recommended that Meidi-Ya Supermarket should use a proper design of all the information system and its stages and pays relevant attention to the problems related to the performance and risks. In this way, the Meidi-Ya Supermarket can become a successful and prosperous user of information system. These systems assist the organization to have a supportive and alternate system to make the work easy and accurate (Weele, 2010). Conclusion We can conclude that the process of supply chain management is very important in every organization as it provides innovative practices to the company like Meidi-Ya Supermarket and many others. There is a need of information technology in the process of supply chain management of organizations as it help to improve the quality of work, time saving, accuracy, etc. to the same. In this study, we have discussed about many types of software and information systems used by Media-Ya supermarkets to enhance the performance of organization as well as employees. These types of information software provide a platform to perform better work and enhance the performance and capacity of work. It provides a type of satisfaction to the people related to it. The part 2 comprises of importance of supply chain management. There is a requirement to include information technology in the management of supply chain management as it helps to provide a competitive advantage to the companies like Meidi-Ya Supermarket. There is a system termed as supply chain information system that is helping organizations to manage the proper supply chain of their products and services. References Black, D., Clemmensen, N. J., Skov, M. B. (2010). Pervasive Computing in the Supermarket: Designing a Context-Aware Shopping Trolley. International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction (IJMHCI), 2(3), 31-43. Carter, C. R., Ellram, L. M. (2003). Thirty?Rve Years of The Journal of Supply Chain Management: Where Have We Been and Where are We Going?.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 39(1), 27-39. Ellram, L. M., Tate, W. L., Billington, C. (2004). Understanding and managing the services supply chain. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 40(3), 17-32. Fawcett, S. E., Magnan, G. M., McCarter, M. W. (2008). Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 13(1), 35-48. Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen, D. J., Slater, S. F. (2004). Information processing, knowledge development and strategic supply chain performance. Academy of management journal, 47(2), 241-253. Marshall, G. Johnston, M. (2011).Essentials of marketing management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Melville, N. P. (2010). Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability. Mis Quarterly, 34(1), 1-21. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C. (2007). Organization theory and supply chain management: An evolving research perspective. Journal of operations management, 25(2), 459-463. Newell, S., Robertson, M., Scarbrough, H., Swan, J., (2009), Managing Knowledge Work and Innovation, Palgrave Macmillan. Richey, R. G., Roath, A. S., Whipple, J. M., Fawcett, S. E. (2010).Exploring a governance theory of supply chain management: barriers and facilitators to integration. Journal of Business Logistics, 31(1), 237-256. Russell, D. M., Hoag, A. M. (2004). People and information technology in the supply chain: social and organizational influences on adoption. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 34(2), 102-122. Simchi-Levi, D., Simchi-Levi, E., Kaminsky, P. (1999).Designing and managing the supply chain: Concepts, strategies, and cases. New York: McGraw-Hill. Shepherd, C., Gnter, H. (2010). Measuring supply chain performance: current research and future directions. In Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling (pp. 105-121). Springer Berlin Heidelberg Stock, J. R., Boyer, S. L., Harmon, T. (2010). Research opportunities in supply chain management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(1), 32-41. Wagner, S. M., Bode, C. (2008). An empirical examination of supply chain performance along several dimensions of risk. Journal of business logistics, 29(1), 307-325. Wathne, K. H., Heide, J. B. (2004).Relationship governance in a supply chain network. Journal of marketing, 68(1), 73-89. Weele, A. (2010). Purchasing supply chain management. Andover: Cengage Learning. Zhou, H., Benton, W. C. (2007). Supply chain practice and information sharing. Journal of Operations management, 25(6), 1348-1365.